Project Management and Internal Function Essay Essays

Task Management and Internal Function Essay Essays Task Management and Internal Function Essay Task Management and Internal Function Essay The HRIS undertaking is required by two components which bolster our anxiety requests. One of these elements is the interest to keep up with the interest for our product inside the commercial center. The second factor is understanding a worry that works each piece hard for its representatives each piece hard as the workers have worked for the worry. Our anxiety has expanded by two wrinkle over the most recent year and a half. which implies that we should make another way of making concern. As a result of this developing. we needed to redo the financial framework. which has realized its part through demoing up as clasp retirement funds accomplished through automation. As a result of executing the monetary framework. we got our arrival on contributing a half year sooner than foreseen. How can it get any superior to that? It is with a similar commitment that the HRIS undertaking is being given life and supported by the partners. which bolster this endeavor. Depiction As an outcome of this developing. we have just finished the section of coordinating the financial framework and it has been a breaking achievement. This new developing requests of us that we do concern a little in any case now. It is our motivation through this endeavor to better the employees’ working environment and unbounded in add-on to turn toing the modifications that happen from augmentation. There has been an articulated and apparent interest for our stocks in the course of the last two mature ages. As a result of this developing. we currently require a superior way of making concern. The HRIS undertaking will take an outside and inside assault so as to make the unbounded for section and a superior way of making concern. The approximative savings through this endeavor would be completed inside the two quarters altogether. Point The focus on this endeavor underpins our finish of achieving an increasingly vigorous creation condition for our customers in add-on to providing a superior situation for future developing for our representatives. It is our motivation to back up this endeavor in the undermentioned manners: 1. Finance will be computerized and this will deliver a quicker and simpler way for the representatives to be repaid or to do changes to the vehicle wage alternatives. 2. Our representatives will be in a superior spot to arraign and make a considering way for them that lines up with their ain closures. 3. The HRIS methodology will let for more transparence in connecting with for those on the outside. 4. Potential workers will have the option to see and use for detached spots. 5. The executives will be in a superior spot to ensure that the potential appliers are all around qualified. 6. Additional help now accessible from the execution of the monetary framework can subsidize more examination and endeavors to better the work environment. Achievement Criteria or Expected Benefits The achievement gauges originated from the various partners and benefactors. The Chief official of the organization. Rory Genhardt. authorized an endeavor executive to lead the HRIS undertaking. The endeavor executive directed a few meetings of arranged partners and supporters so as to get mensurable endeavor points. The investigations dispersed will incorporate data accumulated from the single SMEs. It is this data that was utilized to demonstrate data to the partners. benefactors and members through investigations. introductions. composed. verbal and unwritten correspondences. The capable judgment gave by these different people was inestimable. They are sketched out for the HRIS undertaking as imprints. Explicitly recognized from the various partners of the normal advantages of the execution of this endeavor are the â€Å"recruiting capabilities† and â€Å"succession planning† for the CEO. Per the HR Director. â€Å"vacation and sick clasp and sick leave connected to participation on the other hand of mature ages of services† . in add-on to â€Å"tracking of liberation and guidance requirements† would be a profit by the execution. The VP of Marketing would have advantage from the â€Å"employee database and the e-forms† . The VP of Finance would be energetic about the â€Å"payroll capabilities† . The most great aspects for the VP of Manufacturing would be the â€Å"performance reappraisal bearing and remuneration capabilities† . â€Å"Position control† and the â€Å"recruiting capabilities† would regard the Plant Managers. Subsidizing A portion of the help accessible for this endeavor was produced per the data contained in the GenScoop newssheet. The Chief official of GenRays areas. â€Å"extra retirement funds will fuel additional developing and extension to the organization. as we can finance more research and endeavors to better our working environment. † In add-on to the becoming experienced from the whole gross incomes in the last one-fourth. GenRay is in a strong spot to back up help for this endeavor as expressed by the VP of Finance with a piece of $ 103. 000. Should additional help be required for this endeavor. the Information Technology Director will be searched out as they have about $ 360. 000 accessible for equipment and bundle climbs in add-on to capable staff being accessible for help. Significant Deliverables The undermentioned expectations contained in this endeavor sanction were gotten from interviews with the partners who stated: ? The CEO necessitates that start of the endeavor is to get down after the W2s are given per an appeal from the CEO as clasp is basic for the presentation of this endeavor. The acknowledgment of this endeavor will make more â€Å"research and endeavors to better our work environment. † ? Per the official benefactors and the CEO. there is a request to complete the endeavor with all the framework components being utilitarian before the year-end closing as the anticipated savings will flexibly organization additional help for R A ; D endeavors on the horizon. This is an inward guide of the endeavor result and a pined for product to the terminal client. ? So as to keep up the endeavor on plan. incorporating good crew individuals during the acting stage will help to keep up the endeavor running great and reduce down clasp. This is an inner guide of the endeavor result. This deliverable makes a steady establishment for the start of the endeavor. ? The VP of Manufacturing requires incorporating of the accessible open introduction trademark with the goal that chiefs can reconsider potential campaigners who can be chosen for the bearing arrangement. This is an inner guide of the endeavor result and a desired product to the terminal client. The phase in the endeavor takes into consideration the HR. Plant Manager. VP of Finance and Marketing to hold dish to and use this data. ? The Director of Human Resources requires a cognizance of which crew individuals require additional clasp to go through the shaping. raging and norming stages. This is an inside guide of the endeavor result. ? The CEO necessitates that the bundle has enlisting capablenesss. The data inferred will test qualified campaigners who are utilizing for places. This is an inside guide of the endeavor result and a desired product to the terminal client. The phase in the endeavor takes into consideration bearing to hold dish to and use this data. ? The CEO other than requires an incorporated automated framework. which tracks the open introduction reappraisal data. to incorporate liberations. experience and instructive requests which can be utilized for grouping arranging. This is an interior guide of the endeavor result and a pined for product to the terminal client. The phase in the endeavor takes into account the HR. Plant Manager. VP of Finance and Marketing to hold course to and use this data. ? The Plant Manager from Manufacturing Site 1 requires a self-serve representative database which will track and update the data on every worker. This is an inner guide of the endeavor result. The phase in the endeavor takes into consideration course to hold dish to and use this data. ? The VP of Marketing requires the execution of concern signifiers which populate E-structures for the effortlessness of between trade for increasingly normalized methods among the association. This is an inward guide of the endeavor result and a desired product to the terminal client. ? The VP of Finance requires a machine-controlled self-administration paysheet so as to rescue clasp and cash. This is an inward guide of the endeavor result. ? The Plant Manager from Manufacturing Site 1 requires investigation of the spot control of the informations entered by pay. class and occupation title in order to flexibly only remuneration to the workers all through the site. This is an inward guide of the endeavor result and a pined for product to the terminal client. ? The Director of Human Resources requires a capacity which mines the data contained inside open introduction reappraisal informations and readiness records so as to ensure that the best possible campaigner is coordinated with most good campaigner. This is an inside guide of the endeavor result and a desired product to the terminal client. The phase in the endeavor takes into account heading to hold course to and use this data. ? The Director of Human Resources requires the capacity of self-administration of employee’s data. which is so utilized and endorsed by their course so as to smooth out the recruiting strategy. This is an interior guide of the endeavor result and a desired product to the terminal client. The phase in the endeavor takes into account heading to hold dish to and use this data. ? The Director of Human Resources requires movement of the more seasoned databases I

Advantages of Democracy Essay

Vote based system can accommodate changes in government without brutality. In a majority rule government, force can be moved starting with one gathering then onto the next by methods for races. The purview of the residents of a country decides its decision authority. Besides, any administration is limited by a political decision term after which it hosts to go up against different gatherings to recapture authority. This framework forestalls imposing business model of the decision authority. The decision party needs to ensure it works for its kin for it can't remain being the authority subsequent to finishing its term except if reappointed by the individuals. This acquires a sentiment of commitment towards the residents. The decision specialists owe their achievement in the races to the residents of the country. This outcomes in a sentiment of appreciation towards the individuals. It can fill in as their inspiration to work for the individuals for it is the normal masses that have tot al control over picking their legislature. Another significant favorable position of majority rules system is that the individuals increase a feeling of cooperation during the time spent picking their administration. They hear the chance to voice their thoughts by methods for constituent votes. This offers ascend to a sentiment of belongingness in the psyches of the individuals towards their general public. Hindrances of Democracy In a law based country, the residents hold the option to choose their delegates and their overseeing specialists. As indicated by a typical perception, not all the residents are completely mindful of the political situation in their nation. The basic masses may not know about the policy driven issues in the public arena. This may bring about individuals settling on an inappropriate decisions during political race. As the administration is liable to change after each political race term, the specialists may work with a momentary core interest. As they need to confront a political race after the consummation of each term, they may lose center around working for the individuals and rather center around winning decisions. Another hindrance of majority rules system is that crowds can impact individuals. Residents may cast a ballot for a gathering affected by the dominant part. Constrained or impacted by the ways of thinking of those around, an individual may not voice his/her actual assessment. Each type of government will undoubtedly have a few setbacks. Various individuals have various perspectives about the different political frameworks. Egypt The legislative issues of Egypt depends on republicanism, with a semi-presidential arrangement of government. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and theâ resignation ofPresident Hosni Mubarak, official force was accepted by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, which disintegrated the parliament and suspended the constitution. In 2014, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was chosen as Egypt’s seventh President Egyptian gatherings like the Muslim Brotherhood may get momentary advantages from the fall of provincial fascisms, a significant part of the fault for their help can be credited to the dictatorship of the most recent sixty years. Nasser and Sadat appears to be excessively thoughtful, while his presumption that the dictator political structure from 1952 onwards empowered Egypt’s pioneer to evade an all the more firm stance international strategy position is questionable.

Sample of Commentary in Essay

Sample of Commentary in EssayStudents must be very careful about samples of commentary in the essay. This is because some students tend to overuse the samples of comments and then find it hard to use it. If you are the one writing the essay, you must use the samples of commentaries sparingly and not end up being forced to do so.One way of avoiding the problem of overusing the comments is to always give your students as much details as possible about your remarks. You should also give them ample space to elaborate on their comments. By giving them more space, they are able to concentrate on the body of the essay. Another way of giving them more space is to show them how their remarks can lead to a fruitful discussion on your essay topic.However, if you are wondering how to actually use the samples of commentary in the essay, you should know that in this case, you can always split the sample comments into two parts. First, you need to divide them into main ideas that are frequently dis cussed in the essay. This will enable you to have a detailed discussion about each and every one of the main ideas that are commonly discussed in the essay. Then, when you show these comments, you must be able to keep all the main ideas in the essay intact.This is the only way to show that your main ideas are correctly discussed and that they are really useful. It is also a good idea to give the main ideas the chance to be exposed to other main ideas. If you do this, you will be able to prove that your comments were able to make the main ideas more interesting and relevant.When the main ideas are discussed, it is good to focus on them by using the samples of commentaries. The main ideas need to be covered well and their relevance needs to be highlighted. In this way, you will be able to convince your readers of your importance in the essay.Furthermore, even if you want to cover the main ideas in the essay, it is good to use the samples of commentaries just to be sure that you will b e able to explain them to your readers. This is very important especially if the main ideas are difficult to explain. So you need to make sure that you are able to address all of your readers' questions easily so that they can fully understand your essay.Finally, the last but not the least essential way to use the samples of commentary in the essay is to use them to determine the viability of your essay. It is important to show your readers that your essay is indeed worth reading and that it has the ability to make them think. A good example of this is to highlight a particular part of your essay by making use of the sample comments. Your readers will then be able to see that your essay is worth reading and that it can move them to think about what you have written.All in all, the best way to use the samples of commentary in the essay is to use them as an indicator for showing the positive and negative aspects of your essay. So you need to make sure that you have used them effective ly so that you will be able to get positive responses from your readers.

Breakfast Of Champions Or Goodbye Blue Friday - 970 Words

â€Å"Breakfast of Champions† or â€Å"Goodbye Blue Monday† is the seventh novel of Kurt Vonnegut’s that he wrote it in 1972, as he himself said this is for his very own fiftieth birthday. It is Vonnegut s own parody of himself and his works on how his mind views things as well. In this dark comedy the first person report forms and describes the man who has been in prison three times in and out of the old prison as a inmate and confronted with the great depression and World War II, the Korean War, McCarthyism, Watergate and with black humor the satire of social reality has a special social effect overall in this novel. Black humor is something that many people stray from and often times do not want to make contact for it is a sensitive topic. Black comedy is a kind of absurd humor, tragedy and mixed with the comedy genre, content, and show the absurdity of the world. Social alienation of human uncertainty is a struggle for after the bursting of the rational principle is futile in the central content of it. When one looks at all of this people often say that cynical laughter has to do with humorous attitude with the reality of a distance between the order in which it is maintaining the dignity of battered man who was violently attacked mentally and physically. DePaul University has black comedy defined as â€Å"Black humor--comedy mingled with horror or a sense of the macabre; extremely bitter, morbid, or shocking humor†. The humor in Vonnegut s fiction is what enables us to contemplateShow MoreRelatedFeatures of Metafiction and Well Known Writers of the Genre Essay3025 Words   |  13 Page sthat metafictional experiments were the only possible contemporary mode of writing. His novels include The Sot-Weed Factor (1960), Giles Goat-Boy (1966), Lost in the Funhouse (1968), Chimera (1972), Letters (1979), Sabbatical: A Romance (1982), The Friday Book (1984) and The Tidewater Tales (1987). In Barth’s fiction, the conventions of the traditional novels are directly challenged. His fictions blatantly reveal themselves to be fabrications that examine self-reflexively, the process and the toolsRead MoreShes Dating the Gangster149221 Words   |  597 Pages Darn that alarm clock. What time is it? 7:20 am.. so early.. I still have.. OMG 7:20 AM?! My class starts at 8!!! SARA!!! WAKE UP!!! I looked at her bed, but she s not there. Went out of the room to take a bath then I saw Sara eating breakfast. Wow. What a friend. Hoy! Anong oras ka umuwi? 10. grabe. Bakit tulog mantika ka? Kanina ka pa namin ginigising eh. I looked at Ate Marie, Talaga? Oo. Hehe! Tulog mantika. Hinde ka pa ba maliligo? Papasok ka ng nakaganyanRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesdifferences that exist between customers and consumers, and the implications of these differences for strategy. The term ‘consumer’ is typically taken to mean the final user, who is not necessarily the customer. In the case of foodstuffs such as breakfast cereals, for example, the buyer (generally still the housewife) acts on behalf of her family. For the marketing mix to be effective, it is quite obviously essential that the strategist therefore understands not just what the customer wants (e.g.Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmajor tremor causes it to go completely out of equilibrium. This is illustrated in the Case study. Case study Keeping the regularities at Boulding’s level 2 Many years ago, the author of this chapter worked for a large company that made breakfast cereals. He worked in a small department that was responsible for unpacking packets of cereal that had gone past their ‘sell-by date’ so that the contents could be reprocessed to be sent on to make animal food. The packs to be emptied arrived in

Recruitment and Selection the Hofstede Model - 7727 Words

Recruitment and Selection Introduction The trend of business on a global scale appears to be increasing, and with it, the number of persons employed by their organisations in countries other than their own. It is increasingly common for employees of international companies to spend several years working in other countries. It is also common for expatriates to work for several years in two or three different countries, during their careers with their employers. Employees are sent to international assignments for one or more reasons: 1. to fill positions for which host country employees are judged to be unsuitable 2. for reasons of management development; and 3. for reasons of organisational development Sometimes the†¦show more content†¦Another reason given relates to the perceived need for the development of managers from the parent company, through international assignments. There is every indication that a detailed examination of the trends in this area of International HRM practice is required. Expatriate ‘failure’ As business becomes globalised, many more Australian companies than ever before are sending staff to overseas postings. The evidence from American and European studies indicates that this is both expensive and risky (Bartlett et. al 1990; Black et. al 1991; Brewster Larsen 1992). The magnitude of the problem being faced by many international organisations can be grasped from the number of expatriate assignments judged to have failed (Shilling 1993). With national variations, it has been estimated that twenty to fifty percent of personnel sent abroad return prematurely from their overseas assignment (Distefano Lane 1992). Further, as many as 50 percent of expatriates who do not return prematurely function at a low level of effectiveness (Black Mendenhall 1990). These are presumably the result of selection errors, or of ineffective management policies and/or practices. Such failure is usually described in the research literature as ‘expatriate retention failure’, in terms of high levels of early returns of expatriates, either through recalls by companies or through the manager’s voluntary early departure from the assignment, and in terms of ineffective orShow MoreRelatedA New Forms Of Trans National Management Organization Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigate that transfer of â€Å"best practice† in Multinational Companies have been made, dazzling the importance emotionally concerned to the effective management of people from corner to corner national boundaries for Multinational Companies performance (Hofstede, 1980, 1997; Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1989; Adler, 1986; Adler and Ghadar, 1990; Yuen and Kee, 1993; Guest et al., 1996; Ferner, 1997; Edwards and Ferner, 2000). HRM practice from the home country to abroad subsidiary may be hampered by constraintsRead MoreCompare and contrast Hofstedes cultural dimensions of A ustralia and China.2665 Words   |  11 Pagesacross cultures. As stated byOsland (1990, p. 4) ``The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture. Hofstede (1983) defines culture as the mental programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another (Hofstede 1983 p. 25). Through the comparison of Chinese culture and Australian culture using Hofstedes five cross-cultural dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, individualism, and long-term orientation an insightfulRead MoreHuman Resource Management in Business Context1189 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitive advantage or high quality work performance. This is accomplished through a peculiar set of integrated employment policies, programmes and practices intruded in an organisational and social context (Bratton and Gold, 2012). The new HRM model is created from the strategies that contribute mutuality – reciprocal targets, influence, respect and responsibilities. The theory claims that these methods of mutuality educe involvement in a common activity and therefore implementation of the proposedRead MoreCultural Comparisons of India and China5411 Words   |  22 Pagesassociated with the national culture of a country as boundaries that allow interaction and socialization within them. Scholars have analyzed the influence of these national cultural values, attitudes and behaviours on business and management styles (Hofstede, 1980; Laurent, 1986; Trompenaars amp; Hampden-Turner, 1997). At the same time, the movement of people across national borders and the preservation of particular groups with specific idiosyncratic customs, together with differences in social andRead MoreSwot Approaches Of Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations should adopt these best practices† (Jamali and Afiouni, 2012).The main logic is that the entire organisation can see improvements in work performance but only after identifying the best practice and implementing it. The most eminent model in universal approach is by Pfeffer (1994), who contended that practices such as incentive pay, employment security, training and skill development, high wages, promotion from within, empowerment participation would result in a better productivityRead MoreCompare and contrast Hofstedes cultural dimensions of Australia and one other country2227 Words   |  9 Pagesmultinational corporations (MNCs) and its employees and, perhaps the broader society. Comparative studies of national culture across a large number of countries are limited because of the significant costs associated with data collection. A study by Geert Hofstede, using data collected in around 60 countries in the late 1970s, remains influential despite controversy over his methodology and interpretation of the findings. Through insight into a culture perspective, the essay analyzes the role and impact ofRead MorePower Distance Ineq uality Of Power Distribution1298 Words   |  6 Pagespower distribution, although this culture is thought to be extreme, there are situations that it is in between. b) Individualism versus Collectivism – the collectivist societies have taken up the moral model of togetherness, whereas the individualist societies are more on self-interest and calculative model in approaching employee-employer relationship. c) Masculinity versus Femininity – the masculine organisation (i.e. Japan) has a confident and bold approach, whereas the feminist societies take a muchRead MoreRole of Cultural Factors in Shaping Human Resource Management6912 Words   |  28 Pagesin South Asian countries. However, only a few of the studies have looked into the issues related to how culture plays a role in shaping key Human Resource(HR) practices such as: compensation policy, job security, training and development, selection and recruitment, decentralization and teamwork, and information sharing in the South Asian context. In this paper, Hosftede’s (1980) culture dimensions are used as a lens to explore the relationship between critical HR practices and BangladeshiRead MoreBusiness Strategy And Competitive Advantage1933 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent sections of automotive production and utilize their size/ economics of scale to Benis benefit rather than produce every component needed for the car itself at a greater cost. For this to work efficiently Beni also relies on a â€Å"Just in time† model thereby further eliminating storage costs . This has allowed the firm to cut its costs on research development, compliance and legislation significantly. Some of the leading firms In this industry include Aston Martin, Bentley and Mclaren whom areRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Chinese And Japanese Enterprises1662 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen paid to investigate the HRM differences in these countries. This study uses previous research and published data to explore the HRM practices in the two countries. The analysis has been made keeping in mind three major areas of HRM- Recruitment and Selection, Remuneration, and organization structure. Each of these aspects are first explained in these two countries and then differences and similarities have been drawn. Chapter 2: Introduction China, an East Asian country, changed the course

Essay Project 1 Mod 5 - 786 Words

Water budget for Terre Haute, Indiana J F M A M J J A S O N D P 7.4 6.8 9.6 9.4 10.1 10.2 8.1 8.2 8.7 6.9 8.4 7.5 PE 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.9 10.2 13.4 15.8 13.8 9.9 5.2 1.7 0.1 P-PE 7.4 6.8 7.8 4.5 -0.1 -3.2 -7.7 -5.6 -1.2 1.7 6.7 7.4 Change 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -3.2 -6.7 0.0 0.0 1.7 6.7 7.4 In ST ST 10 10 10 10 9.9 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.4 10 AE 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.9 10.2 13.4 14.8 8.2 8.7 5.2 1.7 0.1 D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 5.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 7.4 6.8 7.8 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 The water budgets of Berkeley, Ca., and Terre Haute, In., are greatly affected by their respective geographies, topographies, climates and†¦show more content†¦Terre Haute lies in an area described as a humid, subtropical climate, a Cfa on the Koppen Letter Code System. This area is a mild, mid-latitude climate characterized by warm-to-hot summers, precipitation with a summer maximum, and mild winter temperatures. Both Berkeley and Terre Haute lie within relatively the same latitudes, however, Berkeley lies in an area stabilized by the poleward migration of the subtropical high and relatively cool water of the Pacific Ocean (Hess, 2013). This brings dry weather to Berkeley. Terre Haute, however, does not benefit from this stability, and continues to experience precipitation throughout the summer months. In the areas of the Eastern United States, this effect is also contributed to by the influence of tropical cyclones. Berkeley, according to www.usclimatedata.com, has its highest precipitation levels during December thru February, which is typical of Csa climates (Hess, 2013). This peak of rainfall that is unbalanced with a typical increase of water demand during summer greatly stresses the water budget, and can result in a sever water deficit during summer months. Californians struggled with this through the summer of 2014, and according to an article by National Geographic, California will struggle with a water deficit of the amount necessary to provide water to 1.5 million homes. This is not only due to the climate of the region, but as it specifically applies to Berkeley,Show MoreRelatedFinal Exam Eco1441 Words   |  6 Pages(Logout) LearnCenter ââ€" º ECO518T022013 ââ€" º Quizzes ââ€" º Final Exam ââ€" º Review of attempt 1 Final Exam Review of attempt 1 Finish review Started on Wednesday, 27 March 2013, 06:09 AM Completed on Wednesday, 27 March 2013, 07:13 AM Time taken 1 hour 3 mins Marks 18/20 Grade Feedback 180 out of a maximum of 200 (90%) Excellent performance, you have clearly mastered this material and are ready to move on. 1 Marks: 1 In the case of agricultural goods: Choose one answer. a. the value of exportsRead MoreEssay on Unit 28: Project3118 Words   |  13 PagesExtended Range Fuel tanks HND Aeronautical engineering qcf Unit 28 Research Project August Patterson Fig. 1 Contents Topic | Page | Abstract | 3 | Assignment 1: | | 1.1 Formulate and record possible outline project specifications | 4 | 1.2 Identify factors that contribute to the process of project selection | 5 | 1.3 Undertake a critical review of key references | 6 | 1.4 Produce a research project specification | 6 | 1.5 Provide an appropriate plan and procedures for theRead More Mgt BSBPMG522A Assessment 1 10 11 1336 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assessment 1: Theory Questions Student Name: Click here to enter text. Read through the questions below and respond in the answer box provided. Incomplete of incorrect responses will be returned for further work; your tutor will supply guidance through feedback. This assessment is design to demonstrate your: Knowledge of the project planning process Literacy skills to perform at this level Use of industry appropriate and culturally appropriate language. Instructions for submitting your answers:Read MoreIngame Username1303 Words   |  6 PagesIngame Username: Souf Age (Must be 14 or older): 15 Timezone: UTC +2 When did you join ViperMC: Since map 4 How active are/were you: Monday: 4 hours. Tuesday: 4 hours. Wednesday: 4-5 hours. Thursday: 5-6 hours. Friday: 4-5 hours. Saturday: 6 hours. Sunday: 6 hours. Why would you like to apply for Viper?: I enjoy viperhcf and i have seen alot of friends be staff on verious hcf servers such as , Arcane, Velt, Viper and I saw them have so much fun while being staff as that really grew to me that IRead MoreIntegrating Sustainable Business Practices to an Organization1567 Words   |  6 Pagescompany that acknowledges the importance of sustaining the environment and the people involved makes good profit (Drotskie,2014,chap.5,p.92).The businesses that turned blind eye to ethics have faced the consequences of losing their reputation and remuneration, for example American gas Organisation took unethical decisions that left them being bankrupt (Drotskie,2014,chap.5,p.92).Makgoba stated that South Africa has ethical dilemmas that results to the level of distrust for the government. DESCRIPTIONRead MoreProject Management : Project Strategic Management Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pages MGMT6054 Project Strategic Management Module #2 Organization Pressures, Structures NAME: Anisha Dmello STUDENT ID: 0783689 DATE: July 11th 2016 Table of Content 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Co-location Vs Virtual †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 3. Perfect Project Circumstances †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 5. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Introduction Teams are an essentialRead MoreThe Problem Of Violence And Violence1702 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment has reviewed the existence of gangs and the extent of violence caused by these gangs. An intensive prevention strategy has been put into place and has been running for a small number of years. Failing to evaluate the effectiveness of the project; the Home Office have spent over  £10 million on their ‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence’ programme (House of Commons, 2017). It is paramount that a unified definition of the term ‘gangs’ is understood by the Home Office and Police forces to recogniseRead MoreModIV Product Development Team8263 Words   |  34 Pagesuse of Y. Zhou Harvard Business School 9-491-030 Rev. March 5, 1991 Mod IV Product Development Team It was April 1989. Just four months remained until the Honeywell Building Controls Division (BCD) planned to introduce the Mod IV, and the product development team was fighting to stay on schedule. 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With Marriott, Providence hotel condition, why they choose GuestWare as their service systemRead MoreBusiness And Project Management Organization And Planning704 Words   |  3 PagesDerby College Business and Project Management Business Organisation and Planning Rebecca Carlisle 647331 10-29-2015 â€Æ' Abstract Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Section A 3 2.1 Task 1 3 2.1.1 Part A 3 2.1.2 Part B 3 2.1.3 Part C 3 2.1.4 Part D 4 2.2 Task 2 4 2.3 Task 3 4 2.4 Task 4 4 3.0 Section B 4 4.0 Section C 4 5.0 Conclusion 4 6.0 References 4 7.0 Bibliography 4 8.0 Appendices 5 8.1 Appendix 1 5 8.2 Appendix 2 5 8.3 Appendix 3 5 1.0 Introduction

Advice about cheating situation free essay sample

I would like to thank you for your letter and would like to commend you for stepping out and trying to ask for help with your problem. Marriage is a complicated thing but is very rewarding, especially when the two persons involved try their best to work the whole relationship to the best of their abilities. However, is it not unknown to many of us that there are just some relationships and marriages that do not work because of different reasons. As for your case regarding your sister and brother-in-laws relationship, unhappiness is the main cause of trouble. It is unfortunate that your sister resorted to cheating because there could have been many things she could have done about the situation without having to commit any sins. It is also very unfortunate for you because you know what is happening and is torn between doing the right thing and protecting your sister. We will write a custom essay sample on Advice about cheating situation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best thing that you can do here is to offer advice to her. You cannot dictate what she should do with her life and relationships but you are entitled to your opinion and this is what you should give to your sister. It is also important to note that you cannot force your sister to do something that you think she should be doing because she should make the decision herself. What you can offer is a good advice, as well as support and guidance whatever decision she decides to make because this is her life. Ultimately, she would be the one suffering the consequences of her decisions but in the end, you can say that you did not lack in giving the support that she needed. As mentioned above, there are many ways as to how she could have handled her unhappiness with her husband aside from cheating and you, as her sister, can offer the following advices to her. You have to remember that she may or may not follow your advices and may or may not agree with your opinions but the important thing is you did your part and it is up to her to make the right decision. The first advice that you can give her is to end the affair with her coworker. This is the most obvious option that she could do to end all the drama in her life, as well as to clean your conscience. In the first place, she should not be having this rendezvous with her coworker or any other person for that matter simply because she already has a family of her own that she should be taking care of. This is the oath that she took when she married her husband and should be keeping it because she wants the marriage to last. She should also keep in mind her children who are very young and may not understand the situation. Maybe if she tried hard enough and not dwell on her sadness and loneliness, she can make the marriage work along with her husband who seems to be devoted to her and the whole family. The second option that she has is to divorce her husband to live with the coworker that she is having an affair with. This would solve all problems and she could live freely without hiding anything from anybody. However, divorce might be hard because of the two children and the thought that she, the woman, is leaving her husband and family for another man. Still, concern for the children is not reason enough not to divorce. It is better to live in honesty than to let your kids see that you are unhappy because this might affect their growing up. While some people may think that it is selfish for your sister to leave her whole family and be with the person that she thinks she will be happy with, it is better to have a divorce rather than live in a lie and have a negative effect on the people around you.   Another thing that your sister can do is to go to a marriage counselor with her husband. This would allow her to determine the cause of her unhappiness with her husband and the whole family. Going to a marriage counselor can help lessen the chances of the marriage ending in divorce. It would also help the couple talk about their differences and what could be done to improve the status of their relationship. Having a professional mediate them can give them a chance to hear a neutral side regarding their relationship and might help them see each other in a different light. This should be done with the young children in thought and how hard it must be for them to see their parents not happy with each other. The couple try for the sake of their kids because their children look up to them and it is important for them to have a normal childhood. The last option that you could give to your sister is for her to admit the affair to her husband and let her husband decide what should be done next. This is because your sister does not want to leave the family and leaving the decision to her husband might make things easier for her. However, it is not guaranteed that the husband will decide to leave the family once he learns the truth. It might be that he wants to work things out and ask your sister to give up the affair and go to counselor with him. Whatever her decision may be, you should remind her that she should go for the one that would make her happy not only for the present time but also in the future. She might be feeling happy at this time because of the excitement that the affair is bringing, but in the long run, it might not be what she wants and it might be too late to change her mind. She should also keep in mind her children because as their mother, she has a responsibility to them. If she decides to leave them and divorce your brother-in-law, she has to make sure that her kids do not feel abandoned and unloved. She should also make sure that she has the right resources to provide support for her kids in case her husband decides to leave her upon learning about the affair. She is faced with a hard decision but she has to decide now and be the one to tell her husband. The truth will hurt but it will hurt even more for the husband if he learned it from somebody else. To answer your question, I believe that you have no right in telling your brother-in-law that her wife, your sister, is having an affair with another person because you are not involved in the relationship no matter how close you are to them. The most that you can do is to talk to your sister and try to shed some common sense in her so that she becomes aware of the situation that she is presenting to both you and the whole family. Instead, you should be a good sibling and give the advice that you think is proper for her to make. You should give her sometime to think about things and what she truly wants in her life. Remember that this is not an overnight turn of events. It will take some time and the outcome will depend on what she decides to do. Your loyalty is to yourself and the whole family. Although it is obvious that you should be taking the side of your brother-in-law, we are still not sure as to why your sister became unhappy with the relationship in the first place. We cannot judge her just because she presents to be the â€Å"sinful† one in the situation. Like many other situations, numerous factors can contribute to her decision to have an affair and unhappiness might only be a small part of it. Cheating, for most couples, is a very grave sin and can cause for breakups and separations. It will not be a surprise, then, if the husband decides to leave his family. Remember that this is a guy and that his ego plays a major part in his decisions. It might be hard for him to accept that his wife cheated on him. Whatever happens, you must remember that you should be there for the both of them to give support in their respective decisions. This is the only way that you can show that you care for them both.

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Copernicus and His Gifts to Science essays

Copernicus and His Gifts to Science essays On February 19, 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus was born, destined to be one of the most influential men in scientific history. Throughout his years, Copernicus has contributed many thoughts to science. The Autograph De Revolutionibus, preserved in the Jagiellonian Library, is a result of work of the great scholar. In May 1514 Copernicus had written and tastefully distributed in text his Commentariolus, the first outline of those wiles eventually substantiated in De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1543). This piece confronted the geocentric cosmology that had been uncompromisingly accepted since of Aristotle. Copernicus proposed that the Earth along with other planets revolved around a central Sun could account in a simpler way for the same observed phenomena of the daily rotation of the heavens, the annual movement of the Sun through the ecliptic, and the sporadic motions of the planets. The new theory that Copernicus advocated in De Revolutionibus exhibits an irregular fusion of both drastic and traditional basics. But, Copernicus still held to the ancient Aristotelian principles of solid celestial spheres and perfect circular motion of heavenly bodies, and the entire Aristotelian physics of motion. He clung to the Ptolemaic version of planetary motion by means of complex mixtures of circles called epicycles. These aspects of the Copernican expositions do not alleviate the innovation or the impact of the final theory, or the author's unyielding certainty that his system was an accurate depiction of physical reality. The articulation of the heliocentric theory by Copernicus launched the foundation of the scientific revolution. The publication of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium was a break through contribution in history. By referring to the Earth, a daily motion around its own axis and a yearly motion around the stationary Sun, Copernicus developed a thought that had vast insinuation...

Writting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writting - Essay Example Every intercultural conflict should be resolved accordingly in order to avoid bad consequences. Here the differences in beliefs should be taken into account and each belief should be respected. In some cases if the person came to another country and his/her beliefs contradict the beliefs of the citizens of this country, the conflict can occur. A person also may appear in the group of people with the religious beliefs different from his own. In these cases the majority is usually recognized as right if conflict occurs. However, the cases can be different and every case should be considered separately. In the situation under consideration, a teacher wants to make his student kill frogs saying that it is necessary to pass the course. First, no course may have a task to kill animals and frogs are animals. There are people who are responsible for these and the teacher can’t and should not make his students kill animals to pass the course, especially if the person has religious beliefs that do not allow him to kill animals. In this case it is necessary the student should apply to college administration with the complaint and the request to resolve the

Compare and contrast the UK education system to the education system Coursework

Compare and contrast the UK education system to the education system in a country of your choice - Coursework Example The educational structure of UK can be considered as the most respected and recognized structure across the globe. It can be stated that each of phase of their educational system is so well planned that it cannot be easily duplicated. On the other hand, the educational structure of India is all well known as it gives an opportunity to students to explore various dimensions. The main area of similarity in the educational structure is in context primary and secondary education. In India as well as in UK, students join school at the age of five years and at the age of 11 years they are prepared to join secondary education which is often called as high school in India. The basic educational structure in both the countries is quite similar as children are first introduced to pre-school education. The teaching and learning system can be regarded as the most critical component when it comes to educational system in a specific country. In India the main focus is on developing a strong theoretical base so that students are able to handle practical assignments in later time period. A similar fashion of teaching and learning is observed in UK’s educational system where in the initial stage of education teachers are more inclined towards developing required skills within children. These skills are usually developed through making students aware about different theoretical frameworks (Machin & Vignoles, 2005). It can be stated that in both the countries the focus is on giving more assignments to children so that they are able to develop a large base of knowledge. The teachers as per both the educational systems adopt best practices so that students possess required knowledge related to any real time scenario. The educational system of UK and India faces a similar kind of challenge which is growing global competition. In these two countries educational system is inclined towards incorporating basic education amongst students but they

An explanation of the strain and cultural criminology theories and the criminal elements Essay Example for Free

An explanation of the strain and cultural criminology theories and the criminal elements Essay The fast-changing society is demanding improvement of the existing legal frameworks each and every day. Indisputably, this is considerably challenging the decisions made by policymakers and more especially the judiciary sector. The challenge is more intensified by the way we define the defendant, victim, and penalty imposed for any crime committed. The underlying problem is that there exist various cultural norms and natural law; which significantly differ with constitutional requirements. In other words, legal procedures are not sufficient in providing criminal facts that can help us clearly understand the criminal elements mentioned above. Nevertheless, many scholars in the field of criminology such as Robert K. Merton and Keith Hayward now believes we can rely upon the strain and cultural criminology theories. Inarguably, the relationship existing between the two theories goes beyond our expectation, more especially when analyzing any criminology case. In fact, many people have been convinced it would be appropriate if policymakers integrate some of the facts unrevealed by these theories when making or amending the criminal laws. The paper offers a detailed explanation of the two methods and more importantly, how they can be applied in the criminal case study of Mr. Heffernan convicted of the crime of cultivating cannabis plant which is an illegal plant and supply of the same plant products as drugs to the community. The case took place in the district court, New South Wales and has since sounded the trumpet over how the proceedings were unraveling the case that Mr. Heffernan was convicted with. This will be discusse d along with the criminal elements and criminal facts which were evident in the case. Strain theory argues that when an individual is pressurized by the community or by the factors in his environment, the pressure overwhelms him which forces him to satisfy his cultural inequalities and material requirements by engaging in crime as stated by (Agnew, 2001, p319) The crime, in this case, is a subject to the strain that oversees a high level of pressure that the victim cannot bear the burden of. There are numerous forms of stress best explained by GST. The diverse forms of strain do not exclude financial requirements. The fear may force one into committing a crime that he never intended. Merton in his strain theory argues that it is only a small margin of the people who face stress end up committing crimes. The group that is involved in offenses that emanate from the strain from external forces is seen as deviant since they view the world as if there exists no other solution for their problems. Morten argues that the group is then forced into crime despite the fact that it is against their will. Cultural criminology theory, however, presents a different view of such an instance. It argues that the individual rather enjoys the self-fulfilling feeling that comes about with being involved in criminal activity. The theory explains that when the personal gains the social requirements that he or she could have otherwise not achieved legally, they are left with a sense of insecurity while others feel self-fulfilled and okay when they have their requirements fulfilled. According to Presdee, (2003) Cultural criminology is distinctively conjectural, procedural and domineering slant that places criminals, cases and the control mechanism in the context of culture Linking the theory to the case of Heffernan to both methods, strain theory argues that the convicted was involved in the crime due to the strain that he was facing.   It is evident that he as the criminal was suffering from an extraordinarily high degree of anxiety that he could have otherwise avoided if he had a well-paying job if the parents were not sick if his wife had no medical complications and if he was not unwell. On the other hand, cultural criminology argues that the occurrence of the crime was purely projected from the nature of the community the offender comes from as stated by (Ferrell et al., 2004). This, therefore, makes the community to be viewed as the actual cause of the crime due because the factors that led to the offense against which Mr. Heffernan is convicted are subject to the same community. The offender presents various evidence to the jury that when analyzed helped, in coming up with a valid judgment. The case presented states that the offender is a vict im of the drugs misuse and trafficking laws which inhibit one from growing plants that are otherwise termed as illegal. It also prohibits the supply of the same to the community. Mr. Heffernan was caught with 32kgs of cannabis leaves that are more than the monetary amount which is said to be 25 kilograms as stated by (Cerdà ¡ et al., 2012, p22). He had surpassed a commercial margin which otherwise inevitably presents the idea of the sale of the same to the community. He was rather much more cooperative by taking the police to the ranch where he grew the plant. The evidence was based on the idea that the man was found in the hold of a few bags of the leaves, showed where he grew the leaves and accepted to be the only person involved with the same. Evidence presented before the jury was photographs of these bags of leaves and the plant as well as the $1400 that was in his custody. The offender argues that he has been working on a farm for over 33 years and in his work life, he has been a victim of many injuries which have presented themselves as a limiting factor to the type and the amount of work that he can be engaged in evidenced by the numerous medical rec ords submitted to the coat regarding the same. His wife’s letter also backs up the issue since its content explains how those injuries have impacted negatively on their lives and the lives of their kids. This is seen as one of the strains that the convicted is battling with that could have otherwise presented to be the cause of the crime as stated by (Agnew, 2007, p319). The offender also claims that his family has been haunted by a trail of illnesses beginning with his mother who is suffering from breast cancer and osteoarthritis. His father is also suffering from a heart disease and osteoarthritis. He has diabetes and has been needing insulin to survive bearing in mind that his wife also has health conditions that make Mr. Heffernan the only breadwinner. This trail of illnesses presents themselves as another form of strain that led to the unusual character of the victim. An aggregate of such issues may result in so much pressure that needs a person with an unyielding personality to handle. While this is seen as strain, the cultural criminology finds it as social factors which when linked caused the occurrence of the crime. This presents the social and the crime as distinctively of a parallel nature. He is also faced with some more pressure of taking care of their 14 years high school kid and the younger one in primary education. The family had just married a year ago which rather increases the commitments of the breadwinner. The offender’s family has been selling their property which was around $80000 and has now depreciated to around $60000. His house is also being mortgaged at $70000, and this would render the family homeless. He argues that it is due to this pressure that he decided to engage in this criminal act. The jury well understands the pressure that the offender is facing pointing out that an offender is a man of substance whose life has not been presented as a threat to any criminal record. The only criminal record that exists seems baseless to make an overall conclusion that the man is a criminal. Evidence presented by  Ã‚   Mr. P. Harper, the offender’s defendant. The evidence is full of commendations for the man. This evidence is based on the peopl e who know Mr. Heffernan stating that the individual’s behaviors have been outstanding, something that even the judge recognizes by saying that Mr. Heffernan is a man of excellent character in the argument number 11 0f the case. The case presents itself from a criminal act that has been catalyzed by the excessive pressure faced by the convicted by strain theory which recognizes the existence of such anomalies in individual’s life when faced with extreme pressure. The issue that revolves around the life of the convicted is a monetary issue. Money, in this case, could have been the solution to all his problems since if he had enough of it, he could have saved his parent’s property from being sold. He could also have been able to take care of his sick relatives, his sick wife and cater for the life of the kids who are still in school. He could also have not gone to the extent of growing and distributing cannabis which is the states laws and the drugs misuse and trafficking act of 1985. The judge recognizes all the burdens that the convicted has to bear in his life considering that he is 51 and has to take care of all this pressure. About GST and the reasons that the convicted gives regarding the c ase he has been charged with, there were a few goals that the convicted was unable to meet. His desire to cater to his family and his parents and the desires to have a well-paying job dragged him to committing this crime. The unfolding circumstances are in line with the arguments of strain theory. Cultural criminology which seeks to understand crime in the context of culture is inevitably applicable in the case. The crime was subject to subcultures which revolve around what the community around the offender does and the rules that exist governing this particular crime. The rules governing drug and substance abuse have given guidelines on the judgment against the convicted depending on the nature and the extent of the committed crime. In a nutshell, it is the society that leads to the development of the rules that exist against the offenses revolving around drug and substance abuse. The occupation of the offender and the circumstances revolving around his life which led him to commit the crime are part and puzzle of the culture and community. As strain theory argues that the crime that was committed was subjected to the pressure of the life of the convicted, cultural criminology sees it as just another culture of various subcultures that may have led to the crime. Growing of Cannabis and distributing it to the public is considered to be a crime since there are rules against it as stated by (Reuter, 2010). If the drug had to be distributed to the community, the general impact on the youths would have been dire since this is the most likely group to the issue. As such, the convicted is seen to have been an agent of community destruction since he was a man of age and a parent. He is seen to have not minded about the lives of the other kids in the community and committed the crime for monetary gain. The strain theory comes about to argue that withstanding the pressure of the life the convicted was facing needed him to have looked for an alternative way of getting money. The convicted argues that he had complications regarding his health and that he was nearing his retirement age. He was forced to grow cannabis after ordering seeds from the United Kingdom which he later planted. It is the same marijuana that was harvested and packed before it was confiscated by the police. The theory gives out a clear argument that the man had small means of supporting his family using whatever he was gaining. This case is brought out clearly by the fact that the convicted had no previous criminal records and that his life was clean therefore it is due to what seemed to be a sort of excessive pressure that led him to commit the crime. On the other hand, cultural criminology makes the mere mention of cannabis a criminal activity where any activity that is associated with the drug has been criminalized. With the building of a belief that this activity is already a crime, the theory argues that rules that forbid it are developed ensuring that those who are associated wi th cannabis are taken into justice without considering any argument or reasons behind the act. With all the associated facts and evidence having been presented, Mr. Harper claims that the case on which the offender has been convicted with is not a drug trafficking case since it was planned as a one-time business. The pressure under which the convicted was suffering from forcing him to establish a cannabis plantation which he prepared to sell only once and increase the value of the ranch. This was one of the strain factors that made him respond to the pressure by involving himself in the crime. The judge, however, argues that it is irresponsible for a man with a family to release cannabis of a monetary amount to the society which would impact negatively on the lives of the youths as stated by (Lowinson, 2005). The judgment against both crimes was supposed to be ten years for the crime of growing cannabis and 15 years for trafficking.   The judge at the end of it all understands the pressure that the convicted was facing and gives him a sentence of two and a half years. The strain theory gives out a sense of reasoning and weighing of matters such that the degree of pressure was duly recognized by the jury. The cultural criminology theory, on the other hand, views the crime generally as breaking the law that originated from the same issue. It argues that the moral standards of the community which harbors the roots of the law have declined. The argument here is that the community from which the convicted comes from and the crime that was committed is viewed as one and the same thing. With the weak empirical evidence in support of the strain theory, the presented arguments were not sufficient to ensure that the convicted was set free. Rather it just explains the problems that the law class individuals are facing without taking into consideration of the larger picture of the community and the white collar crimes as stated by (Aseltine et al., 2000, p256). Crimes in such levels are the ones that decapitate the community. The theory deals with individuals rather than the community on which the crime and the criminals thrive. These issues are well explained by the cultural criminology theory which does not only just present its arguments from a particular line or level of crimes. It digs into every crime be it white collar or any other sort of the offense. Conclusion The case presented above shows how strain can cause various crimes. The arguments put forward to show that some forms of tension can be so haunting such that the victim ends up being involved illegal activities that end up bringing peace to the life of the victim. The judge, however, takes into consideration the strain that the convicted is facing, and from this, a valid judgment is given. As the strain theory views this crime as a result of pressure, the cultural criminology sees it as the larger picture of the nature of the community from which the convicted comes from. However, the theories try to explain the kind of judgment that is passed as not usual from the rest since consideration depending on the prevailing circumstance is taken note of. Reference Agnew, R., 2001. Building on the foundation of general strain theory: Specifying the types of strain most likely to lead to crime and delinquency. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 38(4), pp.319-361. Agnew, R., 2007. Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Aseltine Jr, R.H., Gore, S. and Gordon, J., 2000. Life stress, anger and anxiety, and delinquency: An empirical test of general strain theory. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, pp.256-275. Cerdà ¡, M., Wall, M., Keyes, K.M., Galea, S. and Hasin, D., 2012. Medical marijuana laws in 50 state: investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse, and dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 120(1), pp.22-27. Chan, J.B., 1997. Changing police culture: Policing in a Multicultural Society. Cambridge University Press. Ferrell, J., Hayward, K., Morrison, W., and Presdee, M. eds., 2004. Cultural criminology unleashed. Routledge. Lowinson, J.H. ed., 2005. Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Mazerolle, P., Piquero, A.R. and Capowich, G.E., 2003. Examining the links between strain, situational and dispositional anger, and crime further specifying and testing general strain theory. Youth Society, 35(2), pp.131-157. Presdee, M., 2003. Cultural criminology and the carnival of crime. Routledge. Reuter, P., 2010. Marijuana legalization: what can be learned from other countries. Baltimore, MD: RAND Drug Policy Research Center, University of Maryland.

The Satire of Animal Farm :: Animal Farm

The Satire of Animal Farm Orwell's book, "Animal Farm", is full of satire. This satire is Orwell's way of communicating problems and resolutions. The main message in Animal Farm is that power cannot be divided equally. There will never be equality for all. Once power is obtained it is always abused, and power causes all to think as the leader does. Equality does not exist, for it is impossible for everyone to be equal. There will always be a leader and there will always be followers, and they will never be equal. A society in which all are equal will never exist because people will have different opinions on the way that the society should be run. "This arrangement would have worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and Napoleon. These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible." Snowball and Napoleon are battling for control of the farm, they both want to be the leader because they know that the leader has the most privileges. The animals that are in charge, the pigs, do less work than the other animals. "All that year the animals worked like slaves." The title of leader is highly sought after, because the leader tells everyone what to do without actually having to work. The pigs not only do less work but they receive more food. "Once again all the rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs." The fact that the pigs receive more food than the other harder working animals, shows that the farm is full of inequality. This type of governing is wrong, and Orwell wants it to stop. Less power should be given to the leader, so that the leader and his followers can be more equal. Once a group or an individual obtains power, it is impossible to manage it correctly. The leader will always take advantage of his power. Power causes the leader to make decisions, that will only better himself. "... Boxer was being sent to the knacker's." The pigs killed an animal just so that they could make some money. The power led them to this decision, they could kill Boxer, make some money, and no one would ever find out. Everyone has heard about the golden rule: "whoever has the gold makes the rules." This applies to "

Financial Analysis of I.T Ltd.

Company background I. T Limited (0999. HK) is an investment holding company based in Hong Kong. It was listed on the main board of The Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 4-March-2005. The company offers a wide range of apparel products. It sells its products as well as offers a variety of national and international brands through its network of retail stores. As of February 28, 2011, it operated 392 stores in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Objective To undertake a comprehensive analysis on the financial performance of I. T. Limited. Detailed financial ratio analysis will be performed.An estimation of the firm’s cost of equity capital and weighted average cost of capital will also be provided. Horizon of analysis We will focus on its performance in the latest 5 fiscal years. A) Detail financial analysis The financial analysis will be conducted in two ways. First, the major accounts on financial statements will be inspected in order to derive a general picture on the healthiness of the business. Second, PERL (Performance, Efficiency, Risk, Liquidity) framework will be used to further analyze the financial performance of the company. I.Going through the financial statements We can get a glimpse of the healthiness of the business by looking into the trend of accounting items in income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement respectively. Consolidated income statement (Referring to appendix A – table 1 and 2) 2008/09 was a special year, financial tsunami happened. Therefore there was a huge profitability impact in that year, resulting in a large decrease in operating profit. And since the market recovered in 2009/2010, the profitability suddenly increased a lot in that fiscal year. Other than these wo special years, the overall growth trend in sales turnover, costs, and profit is healthy. (Referring to appendix A – table 3) Standardizing the income statement can extract extra information. All the accounts are expressed as a percentage of turnov er. The company has done a good job in cost controlling, since the cost of sales as a percentage of turnover is in a decreasing trend, hence the gross profit margin is in an increasing trend. On the other hand operating expenses fluctuates at about 50-51% of turnover, but since cost of sales has a greater decrease, the net effect is operating profit is in an increasing trend.Consolidated balance sheet (Referring to appendix A – table 4) In general, total assets experience an increasing trend. This is reasonable since the business is at a growing stage. One notable point is the growth of non-current assets look greater than current assets, especially property, furniture and equipment has a very significant increase in 2010/11, this is probably due to the rapid expansion of retails stores in Hong Kong and China. And as a result, there is a significant increase in inventories in 2010/11 too. (Referring to appendix A – table 5)Similar conclusions can be drawn by viewing th e same accounts in a standardized balance sheet (all items are standardized by total asset value in the fiscal year). Property, furniture and equipment, and inventories make up most of the total assets. (Referring to appendix A – table 6) Liabilities also grow a lot with total assets as the business expands. Notably there is a significant increase in both short-term and long term bank borrowings. In addition the payable accounts also increased more than 100%, meaning that the company bought stocks or services from suppliers on credit more than before.This growth of liabilities is fine as long as the company can generate consistent operating cash flows, as we will see in the next section. (Referring to appendix A – table 7) Similar conclusions can be drawn at standardized balance sheet, bank borrowings and payables increased significantly, especially for longer term bank borrowings. (Referring to appendix A – table 8) The growth of the business was mainly funded by growing liabilities, as we can see that the growth of equity is not so significant, the company has not issued new shares to get funding. The company has simply retained some of the profit in each year into reserves.Consolidated cash flow statement (Referring to appendix A – table 9) The company has improved its cash flow generation as its business grew. The profitability of the company increased, and so as the cash generated from operation. And since the company has increased in size, it has increased its ability to finance from banks, therefore it also increased its cash generated from financing activities. Although the company has increased investment in fixed assets and hence the cash outflow from investment, this is offset by the increase in cash flow from operation and financing.II. PERL (Performance, Efficiency, Risk, Liquidity) analysis (Referring to appendix B and C) 1) Performance Profit margins (Gross, operating, net) Gross profit margin keeps increasing. The la test figure is 63. 35%, which is a very high margin. This is probably due to the increased brand image of the company, hence the company can increase the selling price of the products. Also, the company shifted the focus on selling products of its own brands more than imported brands, this also increased the gross profit margin.Both operating and net profit margin are also in an increasing trend (despite year 2008/09, a special year which financial crisis happened). But it is worth noting that the current margins are 12. 08% and 10. 12% respectively, which show a great difference from gross profit margin. This indicate the operating expenses are very high, eating up more than 50% of profit margin. The company should think ways to further reduce operating costs. Return on Equity (ROE) The company has increased its ROE along the years despite the special year 2008/09. The latest ROE is actually a high return, 21. 6%. So what are the main drivers of such high return? By utilizing DuPon t analysis, the reason for return growth can be found: ROE = Net Profit Margin x Asset Turnover x Financial Leverage The net profit margin is increasing throughout the years. At the same time, since the financing ability of the company has increased, the financial leverage also increased. These two factors drove the ROE up, offsetting the diminishing effect on ROE by asset turnover. The asset turnover actually decreased in last two fiscal years, indicating the efficiency of turning asset to revenue decreased.It is a bit worry to see the ratio decreased from 1. 6 to 1. 17 in these 2 years. It may indicate that the asset size of the firm is too large, further expansion may not bring further increase in revenue. This may be an indicator of the firm has passed its optimum point and management must take extra care in evaluating whether the company should invest in expanding more retail stores or not. Extended DuPont analysis breaks down net profit margin into tax burden, interest burden, and EBIT margin. Tax burden of the company is actually increasing, i. e. it has to pay more effective tax hence impacting the net profit margin.But it’s still fine as the effective tax rate is still at about 20%, which should be quite low when compared to effective tax rate outside Hong Kong and China. Interest burden also experiences an increasing trend. This is reasonable since the company has increased financing ability and financed through more bank loans. EBIT margin is increasing, offsetting the negative effect of tax burden and interest burden. 2) Efficiency Fixed asset Fixed asset turnover is in a decreasing trend (from 16. 08 to 7. 98 in last five years). This indicates the efficiency of generating sales revenue from fixed assets investment is lowering.This confirms with the decreasing asset turnover ratio mentioned above. However the ratio is still at a high level, the management should still invest in fixed asset and expand the business, but extra care should be t aken to determine the amount and scale to be invested. Inventory Inventory turnover is decreasing (from 3. 72 to 2. 48 in last five years). This indicates that in general, the speed of stocks selling has slowed down as the business expands. When this ratio is converted to days of inventory on hand, the meaning can even be clearer. The days increased from about 98 days to 147 days in these 5 years.Overstocking, importing or producing products which are not popular, or insufficient marketing efforts are all possible reasons to this decreasing efficiency. Receivables Receivables turnover is decreasing. To get a clearer meaning, the ratio is converted to days of sales outstanding, and this ratio is increasing (from 1. 97 to 11. 49). This ratio means on average how many days the company’s customers who buy on credit will pay their bills. This increasing ratio means that it takes more time to collect the bill from customers, meaning that capital has to be tied up for longer period. However the number actually is not large, it’s about 12 days and therefore an acceptable value. Payables Payables turnover decreased from 11. 14 to 5. 51. The ratio can be converted to number of days of payable. This ratio increased from 32. 76 to 66. 23. This ratio is the average amount of time it takes to pay its bills. The time has increased significantly. It showed the advantage of the growth of the company, i. e. when the company went listed and expanded, the ability to pay on credit increased. This increased time to pay bills increases the flexibility to manage working capital and hence benefits the operation of the company.Working capital The effectiveness of the company in using working capital has increased since the working capital turnover increased from 2. 72 to 4. 46 in last five years. This means that more sales revenue is generated for each dollar of working capital which funded the sales. This is probably due to increased size of the company, so that the compa ny can get more funding by short-term bank loans, and increase its payables to different creditors. These increased funding are used to purchase inventories to generate sales revenue. 3) Risk Gearing All debt-to-equity, debt-to-asset and financial leverage ratios are in an increasing trend.As the company grows, more funding is needed. Financing by debt issuance is better than equity issuance since the required return by debt is lower, and there is possible tax advantage on debt payment. These three ratios are still in a healthy range and further increase in the ratio is still possible. Debt-to-common equity ratio is 0. 32 and debt-to-asset ratio is 0. 18, these two numbers are fairly low. This indicates that the company has a considerable capacity in debt financing if needed. Coverage Interest coverage ratio maintains at a high level (159. at 2010/11), although the company has increased financing by bank loans. That means the operating profit is more than enough to cover the interes t expense and indicate that the business is healthy. Cash flow coverage ratio is also at adequate level despite it has fallen a bit (50. 54 at 2010/11). This is also a healthy signal because net cash flow is positive and adequate. 4) Liquidity Cash conversion cycle Cash conversion cycle is the days the company takes to convert its investment in inventories back into cash. The company has an increased cash conversion cycle, due to the increase in days on inventory on hand.This is still an acceptable length (92. 15 days), but the company should try to lower the days in inventory on hand as mentioned above. Current and acid test ratio Both current and acid test ratio are decreasing, but they are still at a healthy level. Current ratio is at 1. 85, meaning the current assets are 1. 85 times of current liabilities, which is sufficient for its short-term obligations. Acid test ratio is 1. 12, meaning the cash-like current assets are 1. 12 times of current liabilities, indicating that it i s sufficient to cover its short-term liabilities by short-term cash.Operating cash flow to maturing obligations This is also a measure of the company’s ability to meet short term liabilities from cash flow. Although the overall cash flow has improved, the current liabilities has also increased considerably, therefore this ratio is not at a high level (0. 44). The major cash outflow is from purchasing fixed assets and repayment of bank loans. Management should control the cash outflow in these two areas in order to improve the overall liquidity. III. Summary The company has a healthy business. It has an increasing net profit and positive cash flow.The ROE and profit margin are at good levels. It utilized bank loans to further expand its business, while the leverage ratios are still in a healthy range. There is no liquidity problem associated with the company as seen in liquidity ratios. However the management should focus on improving the efficiency of the company while expand ing the business. The major concern here is reducing days of inventory on hand, in order to reduce the length of cash conversion cycle. To sum up, this is a company with good financial performance, and therefore it is worth to invest in this company.B) Cost of equity capital Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to determine the cost of equity capital. There are three major inputs in CAPM equation: risk-free rate, beta of the company stock to a benchmark market, and equity risk premium of the benchmark market. Since I. T. Limited is a Hong Kong based company, therefore the input parameters mentioned above should come from Hong Kong. Risk-free rate Hong Kong government do not issue bill or bond (despite the newly launched ibond, but that is a floating rate bond which its purpose is for general public to protect inflation).Therefore risk-free rate should be the yield on Exchange Fund Bills issued by Hong Kong Monetary Authority. Risk-free rate should be the yield on short-term bi ll, therefore the yield on one-month bill is selected, which is 0. 05%. Stock beta Hang Seng Index (HSI) is the benchmark index in Hong Kong. 5 years of monthly return stock of I. T. Limited and HSI were obtained. Stock Beta of I. T. to HSI can be calculated by using Slope function of Excel, or regressing both return series. The estimated beta is 1. 399, meaning that the stock of I. T.Limited is more volatile than the index. R2 coefficient is 0. 2261, meaning that about 22. 61% of the variability of the stock returns can be explained by variability in the index. Equity risk premium According to Zhu & Zhu (2010), the equity risk premium of Hong Kong is 8. 19%. Applying CAPM: Cost of equity capital = (0. 05 + 1. 399*8. 19)% = 11. 51%. C) Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) The company has not issued any debt. The â€Å"debt† of the company is in the form of bank borrowings, so the effective interest rate of borrowing will be treated as cost of debt.In the latest annual repo rt, the effective interest rate is 1. 4% (from notes 23 of annual report). Total bank borrowings is HKD594. 145M, total equity is HKD1846. 961M, therefore: WACC = 594. 145 / (594. 145 + 1846. 961)*1. 4% + 1846. 961 / (594. 145 + 1846. 961)*11. 51% = 9. 049% References: Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Exchange Fund Bills and Notes fixing (http://www. info. gov. hk/hkma/eng/press/index_efbn. htm) Zhu & Zhu (2010) – Estimating the Equity Risk Premium: the Case of Greater China, Jie Zhu, Xiaoneng Zhu (http://citeseerx. ist. psu. edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10. . 1. 175. 7333&rep=rep1&type=pdf) Appendix A – Selected figures from financial statements Table 1 – Excerpt from summarized consolidated income statement 201120102009200820072006 HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000 Turnover3,834,422 2,995,952 2,733,256 2,021,283 1,530,763 1,314,443 Cost of sales(1,405,482)(1,176,707)(1,121,570)(819,423)(640,442)(540,243) Gross profit2,428,940 1,819,245 1,611,686 1,201,860 8 90,321 774,200 Other income – incentive income0 13,200 0 0 Other (loss)/gain(7,544)3,791 (11,123)1,900 (4,395)(273) Impariment of goodwill0 (4,217)(59,569)0Operating expenses(1,958,255)(1,524,760)(1,468,877)(1,002,046)(749,898)(642,553) Operating profit463,141 307,259 72,117 201,714 136,028 131,374 Table 2 – Growth trend of turnover, costs and profit, calculated based on consolidated income statement 20112010200920082007 Increase/Decrease (%) Turnover27. 99%9. 61%35. 22%32. 04%16. 46% Cost of sales19. 44%4. 92%36. 87%27. 95%18. 55% Gross profit33. 51%12. 88%34. 10%34. 99%15. 00% Operating expenses28. 43%3. 80%46. 59%33. 62%16. 71% Operating profit50. 73%326. 06%-64. 25%48. 29%3. 54% Table 3 – Excerpt from summarized and standardized consolidated income statement 01120102009200820072006 Turnover100. 00%100. 00%100. 00%100. 00%100. 00%100. 00% Cost of sales-36. 65%-39. 28%-41. 03%-40. 54%-41. 84%-41. 10% Gross profit63. 35%60. 72%58. 97%59. 46%58. 16%58. 90% Other income – incentive income0. 00%0. 44%0. 00%0. 00%0. 00%0. 00% Other (loss)/gain-0. 20%0. 13%-0. 41%0. 09%-0. 29%-0. 02% Impairment of goodwill0. 00%-0. 14%-2. 18%0. 00%0. 00%0. 00% Operating expenses-51. 07%-50. 89%-53. 74%-49. 57%-48. 99%-48. 88% Operating profit12. 08%10. 26%2. 64%9. 98%8. 89%9. 99% Table 4 – Excerpt from summarized consolidated balance sheet 20112010200920082007HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000 ASSETS Non-current assets Property, furniture and equipment727,022 233,395 229,124 179,850 93,191 Current assets Inventories736,717 394,520 411,145 323,724 196,299 Table 5 – Excerpt from summarized and standardized consolidated balance sheet 20112010200920082007 ASSETS Non-current assets Property, furniture and equipment22. 13%11. 83%13. 44%11. 59%9. 38% Current assets Inventories22. 42%20. 00%24. 12%20. 85%19. 77% Table 6 – Excerpt from summarized consolidated balance sheet 20112010200920082007 LIABILITIES Current liabilities Bank borrowings (214,911)(47,400)(47,400)(10,000)0Trade and bill payables(360,545)(149,488)(155,993)(121,840)(66,805) Accruals and other payables(349,524)(178,245)(135,677)(140,200)(71,648) Non-current liabilities Bank borrowings(379,234)(35,200)(82,600)0 0 Table 7 – Excerpt from summarized and standardized consolidated balance sheet 20112010200920082007 LIABILITIES Current liabilities Bank borrowings-6. 54%-2. 40%-2. 78%-0. 64%0. 00% Trade and bill payables-10. 97%-7. 58%-9. 15%-7. 85%-6. 73% Accruals and other payables-10. 64%-9. 04%-7. 96%-9. 03%-7. 21% Non-current liabilities Bank borrowings-11. 54%-1. 78%-4. 85%0. 00%0. 00%Table 8 – Excerpt from summarized consolidated balance sheet 20112010200920082007 EQUITY Capital and reserves Share capital119,725 115,504 115,504 115,468 103,950 Reserves1,727,236 1,362,219 1,096,205 1,105,369 722,803 Non-controlling interests(3,749)0 0 0 0 Total equity1,843,212 1,477,723 1,211,709 1,220,837 826,753 Table 9 – Excerpt from summarized con solidated cash flow statements 20112010200920082007 HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000HK$'000 Net cash generated from operating activities450,446 366,025 135,589 243,939 91,589 Net cash used in investing activities(508,347)(137,011)(156,242)(110,300)(101,843) Net cash generated from/ used in) financing activities204,453 (47,400)22,668 (76,497)(49,807) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents146,552 181,614 2,015 57,142 (60,061) Appendix B – Ratio formula Performance Profit margins Gross profit margin = Gross Profit / Turnover Operating profit margin = Operating Profit / Turnover Net profit margin = Net Profit for the year / turnover Return ratio Return of equity (ROE) = Net Profit for the year / Averageyear, year-1 (Share capital + Reserves) Decomposition of ROE ROA = Net Profit for the year / Averageyear, year-1 (Total Assets) ROE = ROA x Financial Leverage DuPont Decomposition of ROEAsset turnover = Turnover / Averageyear, year-1 (Total Assets) Financial leverage = Averageyear, year-1 (Total Assets) / Averageyear, year-1 (Share capital + Reserves) ROE = Net profit margin x Asset turnover x Financial leverage Extended DuPont Decomposition of ROE Tax burden = Net profit for the year / Profit before income tax Interest burden = Profit before income tax / (Operating Profit + Share of profit of jointly controlled entities) EBIT margin = (Operating Profit + Share of profit of jointly controlled entities) / Turnover ROE = Tax burden x Interest burden x EBIT margin x Asset turnover x Financial leverageEfficiency Fixed asset turnover = Turnover / Averageyear, year-1 (Property, furniture and equipment) Inventory turnover = Turnover / Averageyear, year-1 (Inventories) Days of inventory on hand = 365 / Inventory turnover Receivables turnover = Turnover / Averageyear, year-1 (Trade and other receivables) Days of sales outstanding = 365 / Receivables turnover Payables turnover = Cost of sales / Averageyear, year-1 (Trade and bill payables) Number of days of payable = 36 5 / Payables turnoverWorking capital turnover = Turnover / Averageyear, year-1 (Net current assets) Risk Debt-to-common equity ratio = (Short term + Long term bank borrowings) / (Share capital + Reserves) Debt-to-asset ratio = (Short term + Long term bank borrowings) / Total assets Financial leverage = Averageyear, year-1 (Total Assets) / Averageyear, year-1 (Share capital + Reserves) Interest coverage ratio = Operating profit / Interest expense Cash flow coverage ratio = Net increase in cash / Interest expense LiquidityCash conversion cycle = Days of sales outstanding + Days of inventory on hand – Number of days of payable Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities Acid test ratio = (Current assets – Inventories) / Current liabilities Operating cash flow to maturing obligations = Operating cash flow / Current liabilities Appendix C – Calculated ratios 20112010200920082007 Performance Profit margins Gross profit margin63. 35%60. 72%58. 97%59. 46%58. 16 % Operating profit margin12. 08%10. 26%2. 64%9. 98%8. 89% Net profit margin10. 12%8. 77%1. 56%8. 46%8. 0% Return ratios ROE23. 35%19. 53%3. 50%16. 70%15. 55% Decompsition of ROE ROA14. 76%14. 29%2. 61%13. 43%13. 05% ROA*Financial Leverage = ROE23. 35%19. 53%3. 50%16. 70%15. 55% DuPont decompistion of ROE Asset turnover1. 46 1. 63 1. 68 1. 59 1. 63 Financial Leverage1. 58 1. 37 1. 34 1. 24 1. 19 Net profit margin*Asset turnover*Financial Leverage = ROE23. 35%19. 53%3. 50%16. 70%15. 55% Extended DuPont decomposition of ROE Tax burden80. 65%83. 29%53. 97%81. 23%82. 63% Interest burden100. 46%100. 86%103. 66%106. 90%112. 12% EBIT Margin12. 49%10. 44%2. 8%9. 74%8. 63% Tax burden*Interest burden*EBIT Margin*Asset turnover*Financial Leverage = ROE23. 35%19. 53%3. 50%16. 70%15. 55% Efficiency Fixed asset turnover7. 98 12. 95 13. 37 14. 81 16. 08 Inventory turnover2. 48 2. 92 3. 05 3. 15 3. 72 Days of inventory on hand146. 89 124. 95 119. 58 115. 82 98. 19 Receivables turnover31. 76 31. 98 5 1. 12 81. 59 185. 10 Days of sales outstanding11. 49 11. 41 7. 14 4. 47 1. 97 Payables turnover5. 51 7. 70 8. 07 8. 69 11. 14 Number of days of payable66. 23 47. 38 45. 21 42. 01 32. 76 Working capital turnover4. 6 3. 91 4. 24 3. 39 2. 72 Risk Debt-to-common equity ratio0. 32 0. 06 0. 11 0. 01 0. 00 Debt-to-asset ratio0. 18 0. 04 0. 08 0. 01 0. 00 Financial Leverage1. 58 1. 37 1. 34 1. 24 1. 19 Interest coverage ratio159. 70 119. 70 29. 64 646. 52 45342. 67 Cash flow coverage ratio50. 54 70. 75 0. 83 183. 15 (20020. 33) Liquidity Cash conversion cycle92. 15 88. 99 81. 51 78. 28 67. 40 Current ratio1. 85 3. 00 2. 80 2. 93 4. 66 Acid test ratio1. 12 2. 08 1. 70 1. 91 3. 42 Operating cash flow to maturing obligations0. 44 0. 85 0. 36 0. 77 0. 58

George Orwell s Animal Farm - 1255 Words

Throughout human history, tyranny and oppression have fueled the revolutionary reconstitution of society. The French revolutionary motto, â€Å"liberty, equality, fraternity† can be applied in part to every rebellion in history. With these principles at heart, it only seems logical that human society should become utopian. Despite the principles, the French revolution paved the way for the autocratic rule of Napoleon. History repeats itself; George Orwell’s Animal Farm follows the rise of Animalism which serves as an allegorical reflection of the 1917 Russian revolution that led into the Stalinist era. Many revolutions throughout history follow the same path as the newly installed government always become indistinguishable from those who ruled before them. The reasons exhibited in the novel are the distortion of revolutionary ideas, the abuse of language to manipulate the naà ¯ve working class and the corrupting influence of power. All revolutions start off with ideals beneficial to the proletarians, however as the misconduct within its leadership progresses it has caused these ideals to be distorted to the point where the new leadership becomes indistinguishable from the old. This is exemplified in the novel by the changes to the Seven Commandments of Animalism. Following the expulsion of humans, the commandments were created to prevent any species from following the same path as the humans, the scapegoats of the revolution. It wasn’t long after these events that the ideals ofShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm958 Words   |  4 PagesImagine that you were an animal s or citizen living under Napoleon or Stalin rule and the fear that your life can be taken always from you at any time. In the novel of Animal Farm, George Orwell he wanted to show how a book is a sarcasm of the Russian Revolution during the communist years and the satire of that time between Trotsky and Stalin. 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I will also expand on the idea of how Old Major’s ideas for an organized society get completely destroyed by Napoleon’s revolutionary actions. It was ironic and satirical that Napoleon’s own power annihilates Animal Farm. The satire in George Orwell’s AnimalRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm922 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, the wisest boar of the farm, Old Major, mimics Karl Marx, the â€Å"Father of Communism,† and Vladimir Lenin, a Russian communist revolutionary. George Orwell introduces direct parallels between the respected figures through their mutual ideas of equality and profoundly appreciated qualities. Furthermore, his utilization of dialect and descriptions represent the key ideas of the novel. Throughout the novel, Orwell continues to show comparisons betweenRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1463 Words   |  6 Pagesbut of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). 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